What limits the number of MySQL database connections?

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I have migrated a WordPress site to AWS. The frontend runs off of two EC2 instances in an autoscaling group. The crux of the problem is a 504 after the number of RDS database connections steadily rises and then flatlines at 200. The thing is, this is nowhere near the database max\_connections variable limit of 628. So my first thought of putting an RDS proxy in front of the database doesn’t make sense now, because the problem isn’t the number of connections on the database.

I’m trying to find what limit there is in the WordPress software on the number of database connections, but struggling to find a clear answer what and where. My current thought is that the limit is on the number of outgoing connections from WordPress. Is that likely correct and where can this be changed or the DB connection bottleneck otherwise resolved?

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